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Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. It is very hard to treat pancreatic cancers for their high heterogeneity, complex tumor microenvironment, and drug resistance. Currently, gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel, capecitabine and FOLFIRINOX are standard chemotherapy for resectable or advanced metastatic pancreatic cancer. Considering the limited efficacy and toxic side effects of chemotherapy, targeted and immune drugs have gradually attracted attention and made some progress. In this article, we systematically reviewed the chemotherapeutic drugs, targets and related targeted drugs, and immunotherapy drugs for pancreatic cancer.
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Tumor brings great threat to human public health. In recent years, incidence rate and mortality of tumor were rapidly increased in the world. Anti-tumor therapies have undergone the development of cytotoxic therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Among them, tumor immunotherapy is rapidly developed and becomes an important anti-tumor therapy in recent years, although it also brings some related side effects. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of immune cells, vascular vessels, fibroblasts, the extracellular matrix, etc. TME significantly affects the efficacy of immunotherapy. Macrophages in the TME are named as tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). Recently, increasing studies have shown that TAMs play an important role in the regulation of tumor immunity, especially in tumor immune surveillance and immune escape. Currently, more and more anti-tumor immunotherapy strategies targeting TAMs are at the development stage. Based on the important role of TAMs in the TME and their potential as therapeutic targets in tumor immunotherapy, we first reviewed the subtypes and functions of TAMs, as well as the roles of TAMs in tumors. Furthermore, we summarized the research progress on anti-tumor strategies targeting TAMs and the current status of drug targeting TAMs. The current review will provide new ideas and novel insights for tumor immunotherapy.
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Objective@#To verify effects of rs1061622 at tumor necrosis factor-α receptor II (TNF-RII) gene (TNF-RII) on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its interactive effects with PTSD on serum lipids levels in adolescents. @*Methods@#PTSD was measured by PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) in 699 adolescent survivors at 6 months after Wenchuan earthquake in China. A polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism assay were utilized for TNF-RII rs1061622 genotyping followed by verification using DNA sequencing. Serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were tested using routine methods. @*Results@#G (deoxyguanine) allele carriers had higher PCL-C scores than TT (deoxythymidine) homozygotes in female subjects. Female adolescents had higher PCL-C scores than male subjects in TT homozygotes. Predictors of PTSD prevalence and severity were different between G allele carriers and TT homozygotes. Subjects with PTSD had lower TG, TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and higher HDL-C than adolescents without PTSD in male G allele carriers. G allele carriers had higher TG/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C than TT homozygotes in male adolescents without PTSD, and lower TG and TG/HDL-C in male PTSD patients. G allele carriers had higher TG than TT homozygotes only in female adolescents without PTSD. @*Conclusion@#These results suggest reciprocal actions of TNF-RII rs1061622 with other factors on PTSD severity, interplays of TNF-RII rs1061622 with PTSD on serum lipid levels, and novel treatment strategies for PTSD and comorbidities of PTSD with hyperlipidemia among adolescents with different genetic backgrounds of TNF-RII rs1061622 after experiencing traumatic events.
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italic>Psidium guajava Linn. is an evergreen shrub or small tree of Psidium Linnaeus in the Myrtaceae family. One new glycoside (1) together with 3 known meroterpenoids (2-4) and 9 known glycosides (5-13) were isolated from the fruits of Psidium guajava Linn.. The structure of the new compound was elucidated by the spectroscopic data analysis of HR-ESIMS, 1D- and 2D-NMR, and it was named psiguaoside A (1). The known compounds were identified as guajadial (2), 4,5-diepipsidial A (3), psidial A (4), chrysin-8-C-β-D-glucoside (5), 2,6-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-benzophenone (6), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), quercetin-3-O-xyloside (8), guaijaverin (9), avicularin (10), guavinoside E (11), guavinoside B (12), guajaphenone A (13). In the bioactivity assay, compound 3 exhibited significant inhibitory activitiy of U87 with IC50 values of 8.379 μmol·L-1.
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The occurrence and development of tumors are closely related to the tumor microenvironment. Among them, tumor immune microenvironment and tumor metabolic microenvironment play important roles in tumor. Tumor immunotherapy is a way to kill tumor cells by activating the body's immune system. Tumor immunotherapy has shown good therapeutic effects in a variety of solid tumors. In recent years, significant progress has been made in tumor immunotherapy. The Warburg effect indicates that tumor cells use aerobic glycolysis to acquire energy. In the tumor, the energy metabolism pathway is abnormal, and the tumor microenvironment can induce the reprogramming of tumor cell metabolism. Therefore, targeting tumor metabolism is also of great significance for tumor treatment. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress of drug targets related to tumor immunology and tumor metabolism in recent years, as well as the progress of drug development.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the caries status of the first permanent molars in urban and rural children aged 10- 12 in Chongqing and analyze the related factors in order to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of children's caries and targeted suggestions for oral health education.@*METHODS@#A multi-stage, stratified, cluster, and random sampling method was used to extract 5 057 children from 18 schools in three districts and three counties in Chongqing for oral health examination and questionnaire survey from March to May 2018.@*RESULTS@#The total caries rate of the first permanent molar was 39.2%. The decayed-missing-filled tooth was 0.84±1.20. The rate of filling teeth was 3.4%. The rate of pit and fissure sealing was 6.1%. The prevalence of the first permanent molars was significantly different between men and women, between urban and rural areas, between only children and non-only children, and between ethnic minorities and Han nationality (P<0.001). The gap between the pit and fissure sealing was significantly different between urban and rural areas (P< 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that many independent factors influence the occurrence of caries, including the frequency of brushing teeth every day, the frequency of eating desserts, the habit of eating dessert/drinking milk before going to bed, whether only-children or not, and parents' education background, among others.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The first permanent molars of children aged 10-12 in Chongqing have a high rate of caries but low rates of pit and fissure sealing and dental caries filling. The difference between urban and rural areas is large, children's oral health knowledge is scarce, and children have bad oral hygiene behaviors and eating habits. Children's oral health education must be strengthened, oral health preaching must be implemented in schools, the oral health knowledge of children in school must be improved, and urban-rural differences must be minimized.
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Child , Female , Humans , Male , DMF Index , Dental Caries , Oral Health , Oral Hygiene , Prevalence , StudentsABSTRACT
@#AIM: To systematically review and assess the efficacy and safety of phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation versus trabeculectomy for angle closure glaucoma with cataract. <p>METHODS: Databases including CNKI, CBM, WangFang, VIP, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane library were searched to collect randomized controlled trails(RCTs)about phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation versus trabeculectomy. Cochrane collaboration's tool were used to assess the risk of bias of included studies and the meta-analysis was conducted by Revman 5.3 software. <p>RESULTS: Nine eligible studies involving 696 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis shows that: there were no significant differences between two groups in postoperative intraocular pressure(<i>P</i>>0.05). While phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation has lower complications rate(<i>Z</i>=4.32, <i>P</i><0.0001). <p>CONCLUSION: Current evidence shows that phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation and trabeculectomy may has the similar efficacy for angle-closure glaucoma with cataract. But the former operation are more safer for patients.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This review aims to identify the dimensional structure of the shortened dentine hypersensitivity experience questionnaire (DHEQ-15) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The Chinese language version of DHEQ-15 was applied to 210 patients with dentine hypersensitivity aged 18-70 years old. The three-dimensional construct was confirmed by CFA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the questionnaires were fully completed. The item "Because of the sensations, I take longer to finish a meal than others" was the most frequently reported by the parents. The modified three-factor model is suitable for the data. The chi-square fit statistics/degree of freedom was 2.213, the goodness-of-fit index was 0.905, the adjusted goodness-of-fit index was 0.872, the normed fit index was 0.845, the incremental fit index was 0.962, the Tucker-Lewis index was 0.969, the comparative fit index was 0.977, and the root mean square error of approximation was 0.068.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our findings generally support the three-dimensional construct of the DHEQ-15. Thus, DHEQ-15 can be used as a valid instrument in patients with dentine hypersensitivity in China.</p>
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Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common, malignant, and lethal primary brain tumor in adults.Up to now,there is no effective drug for GBM.Withaferin A(WFA)is mainly derived from Indian Winter cherry.It has been traditionally used in ayurvedic medicine.WFA has wide range of pharmaco-logical activities including cardioprotective,anti-inflammatory,immuno-modulatory properties.Recently, WFA was reported to inhibit the growth of many cancer cells; however, the precise molecular mecha-nisms of its anti-cancer activities in GBM remain unclear. Here, we found that treatment of WFA in U251 and U87-MG glioma cells inhibited the cell proliferation,released the cellular LDH,decreased the DNA synthesis, and inhibited the migration, invasion, and colony formation of cells. WFA also in-creased the apoptotic rate of cells, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, arrested cell cy-cle at G2/M,inhibited the activity of caspase 3/7,and increased the protein expression of cleaved-cas-pase 3,cleaved PARP in U251 and U87-MG cells.In addition,cell apoptosis induced by WFA was as-sociated with increasing level of Bim,Bad,P21,P53 and decreasing the level of p-CDK1,cyclin A and B. It was also shown that cell apoptosis induced by WFA was associated with P38 signal pathway. These results demonstrated that WFA induced mitochondrial dependent apoptosis in glioblastoma cells which was associated with arresting the cell cycle at G2/M phase by P38 pathway.Taken together,our findings suggest that WFA might be a promising chemotherapy drug in the treatment of GBM.
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Aim To investigate the effects of salvianol-ic acid D ( SalD) on mitochondrial function and bio- synthesis in SH-SY5Y cells after MPP+injury and the possible mechanisms. Methods The cell model was established by MPP+injury in SH-SY5Y cells. The cytotoxicity of MPP+was detected by MTT assay. The effects of SalD on viability of SH-SY5Y cells were ex-amined by MTT and LDH assay. The apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells was detected by AO/EB assay. The levels of ROS and mitochondrial superoxide were determined using DCFH-DA and MitoSOX probes, respectively. Mitochondrial function was examined by measuring ATP level and mitochondrial membrane potential. The levels of PGC-1α and its downstream regulatory genes NRF1 and TFAM mRNA were detected by qPCR. The protein levels of PGC-1α, NRF1 and TFAM in cells were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Results MPP+injury resulted in a significant reduction of cell viability to 51.34%. 0.1, 1, 5 μmol ·L-1SalD and 5 mmol·L-1NAC could reduce MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury and LDH release. The cell viability increased to 67.98% , 71.79% , 76.91% and 77.55% , respectively. Moreover, SalD could reduce the increase of intracellular ROS and mi-tochondrial superoxide induced by MPP+, decrease mitochondrial membrane potential and improve mito-chondrial function. SalD also significantly increased both the transcription and expression levels of PGC-1α, NRF1 and TFAM. Conclusion SalD could in-hibit MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury and improve mitochondrial function and mitochondrial biosynthesis.
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Nimodipine is a selective calcium channel antagonist of cerebral vessels smooth muscle and also has polymorphs. It hasn't been reported that different crystal forms influence the metabolism process in huge animals like rhesus monkeys in vivo. This article may provide reference in the control of the quality of nimodipine and quality consistency evaluation. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) method was used to identify different crystal forms and the dissolution test in vitro was used to detect the dissolution. The LC-MS method of assay nimodipine in rhesus monkey plasm was established to determine pharmacokinetics characters of different tablets from different crystal forms in rhesus monkey in vivo. As a result, the tablets inherit difference crystal forms and the dissolution of reference tablets is 1.3% higher than crystal tablets. However, the maximal blood concentration (Cmax) of crystal tablet was 37.3% higher than reference tablet and AUC of crystal tablet was 29.8% higher than reference tablet. After administrated 2.5 mg·kg-1 orally, calculated pharmacokinetics characters were observed as following:Cmax was 381.4 ±327.3 and 178.0 ±214.8 μg·L-1; AUC0-t was 853.1 ±500.7 and 646.5 ±430.3 μg·L-1·h respectively. The serum concentration result of different nimodipine tablets in rhesus monkeys in vivo suggests that polymorphs has a significantly distinction, which points out that controlling the crystal forms of nimodipine is essential to ensure the therapeutic efficacy. It is essential to execute quality consistency evaluation.
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AIM: To observe the efficacy of surgical excision combined with autologous limbus conjunctival flap transplantation in the treatment of pterygium accompanied with conjunctival cyst.METHODS: Totally 126 patients 188 eyes with pterygium were hospitalized in Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology during August 2013 and August 2015.The patients were divided into two groups: observation group (11 eyes of 11 patients) with pterygium accompanied with conjunctival cyst and control group (177 eyes of 115 patients) with primary pterygium.All patients underwent slit lamp microscope examination, anterior segment photography, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography(OCT).The size of pterygium was calculated by multiplying neck width and length of the covered corneal.All patients underwent excision combined with autologous conjunctival flap transplantation, and the resections were performed pathological section with hematoxylin and eosin staining.All patients were followed up postoperatively for 4-28mo.RESULTS: All cases in the observation group were confirmed by postoperative pathological examination.All cyst walls were complete, and containing single layer of epithelial cells.The mean size of pterygium of the observation group was 6.9±1.7mm2, and 6.3±1.8mm2 for the control group.There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).The mean postoperative healing time of observation group was 2.1±0.9d, and 1.9±0.8d for the control group.There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).Recurrence was seen in two eyes within the follow-up period in the control group, and no recurrence in the observation group.CONCLUSION: Surgical excision combined with autologous limbus conjunctival flap transplantation is a safe and effective treatment for pterygium accompanied with conjunctival cyst.
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AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation for refractory glaucoma after sequential failed trabeculectomy. METHODS: Thirty - six patients (36 eyes) with prior failed sequential trabeculectomy who underwent Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation were included. The intraocular pressure ( IOP), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and complications were ovserved and all the patients were followed up at least for 12mo. RESULTS: Mean preoperative IOP was 35. 20±7. 28mmHg and reduced to 10. 15±3. 34, 11. 23±3. 56, 15. 63±5. 72, 17. 17±5. 47, 17. 73±6. 23,19. 76±5. 43mmHg at 1, 2wk, 1, 3, 6 and 12mo after surgery, which was significant different from the preoperative level (t = 12. 643, 11. 837, 10. 324, 8. 839, 8. 462, 8. 046, all P 0. 05). At 12mo after operation, the complete success rate reached 78% and the conditional success rate reached 92%. There were 5 eyes complicated with shallow anterior chamber, 3 eye complicated with anterior chamber hemorrhage, which all recovered after additional treatments. Late complications included valve exposure and encapsulated cystic blebs around the plate. Severe corneal endothelium loss occurred in 1 patient. CONCLUSION: Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation is effective in reducing IOP at 1-year follow-up in refractory glaucoma patients with prior sequential failed trabeculectomy, but we should fully understand and attach great importance to all kinds of complications that may occur.
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This study was purposed to understand the infection of HBV, HCV, HIV among the voluntary blood donors and the epidemic trend in infectious population in Chinese Nanjing area, and to guide the mobilization and recruitment of blood donors. A total of 199777 whole blood samples of voluntary blood donors were tested by ELISA, the nucleic acid technology (NAT) combined detection (HBV-DNA, HCV-RNA, HIV-RNA) was added for detection of the samples with HBsAg,anti-HCV, anti-HIV at least unilateral negative donors from June 10, 2010 to June 9, 2013 years, and these statistic data were analyzed. Every HIV reactive sample(HIV-antibody and/or HIV-RNA) was sent to be confirmed in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Nanjing. The results showed that the voluntary donors' infection rate of HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV were 0.45%, 0.28%, 0.11% respectively; NAT positive rate was 0.07%, 32 cases were confirmed with anti-HIV positive, in which 30 cases were male (6 cases were repeated blood donors) and 2 cases were female, 3 cases were unconfirmed, in which 2 cases were males and 1 case was female. The statistical analysis demonstrated that the difference of unqualitative rate of HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV was statistically significant between the first-time and repeated blood donors.It is concluded that the positive rate of anti-HCV and anti-HIV displayed a declining trend year by year in Nanjing voluntary blood donation population from June 10,2010 to June 9, 2013 years. The unqualitative rate of HBsAg and NAT increased with the age increasing, while that of anti-HCV, anti-HIV decreased with age increasing. The unqualitative rate of the repeated blood donors is far lower than that of the first-time blood donors. The ELISA positive rate of anti-HIV testing in females is higher than that in males, but the confirmed positive rate of male is significantly higher than that of female. Therefore the consulting skills before donating should be improved, concerning the link of recruiting donors, focusing on strengthening the first-time donors' consultation, evaluating and developing the fixed voluntary blood donors, and vigorously popularizing NAT technology in blood screening to improve the blood safety effectively.
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Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Blood Donors , China , Epidemiology , DNA, Viral , Blood , HIV Infections , Epidemiology , Hepatitis B , Epidemiology , Hepatitis C , Epidemiology , Mass ScreeningABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the association between membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase gene (MT1-MMP, MMP14) polymorphisms and osteoporosis in Zhuang men from Baise region of Guangxi.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Genotypes of 5 loci (rs1003349, rs3751488, rs2269213, rs2236303 and rs743257) of MMP14 gene in 301 Zhuang men were determined with single base extension methods, and bone mineral density (BMD) at left calcaneus was evaluated with quantitative ultrasound with measured values of broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA). The subjects were divided according to BMD into osteoporosis group, osteopenia group and normal bone density group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All selected loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P> 0.05). By multiple linear stepwise regression analysis, polymorphisms of the five loci were not associated with BUA. But a significant higher risk of osteoporosis was found in individuals with MMP14 rs1003349 GT genotype (vs. GG genotype; P<0.05) and rs2236303 CC and CT genotypes (vs. TT genotype; P<0.05). Genetic linkage between rs1003349 and rs2236303 was also discovered (D'= 0.839, r(2) = 0.458, P<0.01). Compared with the normal bone density group, the frequency of a G-T haplotype of rs1003349 and rs2236303 was significantly lower in the osteoporosis group (P<0.05). And the risk of osteoporosis for individuals with G-C and T-C haplotypes was 2.556 (95% CI: 1.029-6.349, P = 0.038) and 5.111 (95% CI: 1.341-19.485, P = 0.011) compared with G-T haplotype.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Polymorphisms of rs1003349 and rs2236303 loci of MMP14 gene are associated with the susceptibility of osteoporosis in Zhuang men in Guangxi. G-C and T-C haplotypes for loci rs1003349 and rs2236303 may increase the disease risk.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Bone Density , Genetics , China , Genetic Linkage , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Haplotypes , Genetics , Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 , Genetics , Osteoporosis , Genetics , Polymorphism, GeneticABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize clinical application result of the thoracodorsal artery perforator pedicled flap for repair of soft tissue defects on the ipsilateral upper limb.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From September 2003 to May 2007, 8 patients (6 males and 2 females) with soft tissue defects on the ipsilateral upper limb underwent reconstruction with the thoracodorsal artery perforator pedicled flap. The age of patients was from 16- to 45-years-old with an average of 32 years. Of them, the recipient sites of 5 cases were located on the arm region, 3 cases on the forearm.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The minor superficial infection of 1 case occurred on the recipient site after operation and the wound gradually healed by daily change dressings. All the flaps had survived completely and the postoperative course was uneventful with satisfactory clinical results. Follow-up period ranged for 9-38 months after operation (mean, 19 months). There was no remarkable donor site morbidity. All cases had good appearance on recipient site.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The thoracodorsal artery perforator pedicled flap is thin and suitable for repair of soft tissue defect on the ipsilateral upper limb.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Soft Tissue Injuries , General Surgery , Surgical Flaps , Thoracic Arteries , General Surgery , Upper Extremity , General SurgeryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical effect of fluoride varnish in preventing caries of primary teeth, and to compare the caries prevention effects of fluoride varnish with two different concentrations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>150 children whose ages were three year-old were randomly chosen from one of nurseries of Chongqing, and were randomly divided into four groups with 37 children in 0.5% fluoride varnish group, 38 children in 0.1% fluoride varnish group, 39 children in 0.5% sodium fluoride group and 36 children in blank group. The groups included 71 'girls and 79 boys. Protective measure was applied every half an year and the research has lasted for two years. The research was designed by double-blinded methods, and was carried out with the dental caries standard suggested by World Health Organization. All the data were collected and the clinical effects of four groups were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average caries index and caries surface index of 0.1% fluoride varnish group and those of control groups were significantly higher than that of 0.5% fluoride varnish group. There were no significant difference between the average caries index and caries surface index of 0.1% fluoride varnish group and those of control groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>0.5% fluoride varnish was effective in preventing caries of primary teeth.</p>
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Child , Female , Humans , Male , Cariostatic Agents , Dental Caries , Fluorides , Fluorides, Topical , Paint , Phosphates , Sodium Fluoride , Tooth, DeciduousABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a virulent heat-evil-induced thrombosis animal model, and provide a rational animal model for pathogeny and pathogenesis research of thrombosis-related diseases, anti-thrombosis activity screening and pre-clinical studies of CAHT formula.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>SD rats were pretreated with carrageenin (Ca) intraperitoneal injection, followed by intravenous injection of endotoxin (LPS from E. coli O111:B4) 50 microg x kg(-1) 16 h later. Thrombosis in rat tails were observed during 12-24 h after injection of LPS. The inflammatory mechanism of this model were investigated by analyzing serum level of TNF-alpha, IL-6, TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF 1alpha, CD11b/CD18 expression of white blood cells (WBC) and P-selectin expression of vessel walls.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>In LPS/Ca model group, thrombosis can be clearly observed in the distal part of rat tails after 12-24 h of LPS/Ca treatment. High level of TNF-alpha and IL-6 can be measured in serum. The expression of CD11b/CD18 in WBC and P-selectin in vessel endothelium significantly increased and the number of WBC in peripheral blood markedly decreased shortly after LPS/Ca treatment. The adherence of white blood cells to vessel endothelium which can be seen by microscope mainly contributed to the decrease of WBC. The results indicated that there was obvious inflammation after treatment with LPS/Ca, suggesting that inflammation was the key mechanism for this model.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This model was developed through treatment of LPS in combination with Ca, of which LPS is considered to be an exotic virulent heat-evil in TCM, while the inflammatory molecules produced in this model, such as TNF-alpha, IL-6, CD11b/CD18 and P-selectin belong to internal virulent heat-evils, so this animal model consists of pathogeny and pathogenesis of virulent heat-evils. virulent heat-evil.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha , Blood , CD11b Antigen , Metabolism , CD18 Antigens , Metabolism , Carrageenan , Pharmacology , Disease Models, Animal , Endotoxins , Pharmacology , Immunohistochemistry , Interleukin-6 , Blood , Leukocytes , Metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Thrombosis , Blood , Metabolism , Pathology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , BloodABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the processing method of fructus evodiae and its standard for quality control, toxicity aspects and pharmacodynamics were carried out at the same time.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>In the studies of processing techniques, the optimized technical parameters were determined by the contents of evodiamine and evodine. And the acute toxicity and pharmacodynamics were studied by rats.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The process was that the liquorice-processed fructus evodiae was wetted by liquorice decoction by sixth of raw fructus evodiae (V/W) and fried below 230 degrees C. The method of detecting the contents of evodiamine and evodine was that Alltima ODS C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm); mobile phase acetonitrile-water-tetrahydrofuran-phosphoric acid (51:48: 1: 0.05); column temperature 25 degrees C; mobile rate 0.8 mL x min(-1); wave length 225 nm. The toxicity experimentation show that rats didnt show any notable changes after affused the raw material and the processed fructus evodiae's decotion 40 g x kg(-1) b. w. at one time seven days constantly. The analgesic effect was observed after 0.6 g (material) x kg(-1) (weight) b. w.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The toxicity of the raw material and the processed one were low and the liquorice-processed fructus evodia analgesic effect was good.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Analgesics , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Toxicity , Chromatography , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Toxicity , Glycyrrhiza , Chemistry , Linear Models , Mice, Inbred ICR , Pain , Drug Therapy , Reproducibility of Results , Rutaceae , Chemistry , TemperatureABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the accumulated toxic action to bandicoot of aqueous extract of crude and processed Radix Aristolochice and the pharmacodynamic action of aqueous and alcoholic extract of crude and processed Radix Aristolochice.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The LD50 of acute toxicity to mice and chronic accumulated toxicity to bandicoots of crude and processed Radix Aristolochice were observated. Intestinal and myokinetic influence of normal and revulsive hyperactive gastrointestinal motility of mice induced by neostigmine were observated by giving aqueous extract and alcoholic extract of crude and processed Radix Aristolochice. Relieving pain and eliminating inflammation to mice also were observated.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The LD50 of aqueous extract of crude and processed Radix Aristolochice were 146. 45, 846.06 g X kg(-1) (equivalently to crude drug) respectively by intragastric administration. Bandicoot' general condition, peripheral blood, serum, organic coefficient, histopathologic examination weren't obvious changes after 1 month administrating aqueous extract of crude and processed drug in three dose. Serum indicators-urea nitrogen, cholesterol total, alkaline phosphatase manifestly were heightened and some animals'hepatic cells, nephric tubules and mucosa emerged differently damage at histomorphology by giving crude high dose after 2 months. Above organs emerged different damage in crude middle and high dose and processed high dose after 3 months and serum indicators- creatinine, urea nitrogen manifestly were increased, the coefficients of liver, kidney and gaster manifestly were heightened. However, the toxicity of identical dose processed product was lower than that of crude one. Aqueous extract and alcoholic extract of crude and processed Radix Aristolochice could obviously inhibite normal and revulsive hyperactive gastrointestinal motility by neostigmine of mice, relieve pain in mouse, stretching and heat stimulation models and inhibite dimethyl benzene-induc mouse, auricle inflammation. Pharmacodynamic action wasnt obvious difference in same dose of crude product and processed one.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acute toxicity and chronic accumulated toxicity are stepped down after giving processed Radix Aristolochice, but pharmacodynamic effect wasn t lower. In pharmacodynamic effect, aqueous extract can't compare with alcoholic extract in same dose.</p>